The use of partner is acceptable now in society and you can see it in obituary.
Saturday, August 8, 2015
Monday, June 29, 2015
Saturday, April 25, 2015
لغات العالم: الصينية الأكثر انتشار والعربية رابعة
لغات العالم: الصينية الأكثر انتشار والعربية رابعة
ثلثا العالم يتحدث 12 لغة ومن بينها اللغات الست الكبار (مطابقة لإنفوغرافيكس نشرته صحيفة واشنطن بوست الأميركية)
أظهرت دراسة حول لغات العالم أن اللغة الصينية بكل لهجاتها هي الأكثر انتشاراً واللغة العربية رابعة بعد الأوردو-الهندية والإنجليزية، في حين أن عدد الدول التي تتحدث الإنجليزية هو الأكبر ويليها عدد الدول التي تتحدث اللغة العربية.
ورغم أن عدد اللغات في العالم يصل إلى 7102 لغة، فإن القارة الأوروبية هي أقل القارات في عدد اللغات فيها ويوجد فيها 286 لغة، في حين توجد في آسيا 2301 لغة، و2138 لغة في إفريقيا، بينما يوجد في منطقة المحيط الهادئ 1313 لغة، وفي الأميركيتين 1064 لغة.
وبحسب الدراسة التي وضعها أستاذ علم اللغات في جامعة دوسلدورف، أولريخ آمون، واستغرقت 15 عاماً، فإن نحو ثلثي سكان العالم يتحدثون بـ12 لغة رئيسية تقريباً.
ووفقاً لآمون، فإن 1.39 مليار نسمة يتحدثون اللغة الصينية بكافة لهجاتها، في حين ثمة 588 مليون نسمة يتحدثون بالأوردو والهندية، و527 مليون نسمة يتحدثون الإنجليزية مقابل 467 مليوناً يتحدثون اللغة العربية، وحلت اللغة الإسبانية خامسة ويتحدث بها 389 مليون نسمة، ثم البنغالية ويتحدث بها 250 مليون إنسان.
أما باقي اللغات الأساسية فتوزعت كالتالي الروسية (254 مليون نسمة) والبرتغالية (193 مليوناً) والألمانية (132 مليوناً) واليابانية (123 مليوناً) والفرنسية (118 مليوناً) والإيطالية (67 مليوناً)، وفقاً للتقرير الذي نشرته صحيفة واشنطن بوست الأميركية.
وبحسب أمون فإن أكثر اللغات طلباً للتعلم هي الإنجليزية حيث يتعلمها 1.5 مليار نسمة، وتليها الفرنسية ويتعلمها 82 مليوناً، ثم الصينية 30 مليوناً فالإسبانية والألمانية ويتعلمها 14.5 مليون نسمة لكل منهما، وتليهما الإيطالية ويتعلمها 8 ملايين نسمة واليابانية 3 ملايين نسمة.
وأظهرت خريطة لغات العالم، في طبعتها الثامنة عشرة، أن اللغة الإنجليزية هي لغة المحادثة في 101 دولة، في حين أن العربية هي لغة المحادثة في 60 دولة، بينما تتحدث 51 دولة اللغة الفرنسية، و33 دولة الصينية و31 دولة الإسبانية و29 دولة الفارسية و18 دولة الألمانية و16 دولة الروسية و13 دولة الماليزية و12 دولة البرتغالية.
وكشف تقرير لليونيسكو أن هناك العديد من اللغات المهددة بالانقراض، وأن كثيراً من اللغات لا يتحدث بها سوى فئة محدود من الناس.
وأشار التقرير إلى أن هناك 2000 لغة لا يزيد عدد المتحدثين في كل منها على 1000 شخص.
Saturday, May 18, 2013
The solar industry takes hold and growing.
The solar industry takes hold and growing.
Stephen Lacey: The U.S. solar industry grew 102% last year and is on track to grow another 100% this year. What other industry doubled its growth during one of the worst economic periods in our history?
The GOP has been using the Solyndra debacle to talk about “pet alternative energy.” This nonsense ignores the incredible growth and cost reductions taking place in the solar industry. Since 2008, average PV prices have fallen 80%. And with innovative approaches to installation, the total installed cost of installations have fallen substantially as well.
A recent report found that America actually had a $1.9 billion trade surplus of solar products to the rest of the world in 2010. And that same report, put together by GTM Research, found that 73% of the economic value of a solar installation stays in the U.S. Rather than let the conversation be hijacked by the pro-pollution gang, we need to use the Solyndra story to continue talking about the domestic value of solar.
A recent report released by the Lawrence Berkeley Lab again illustrates the continued progress in the American solar market.
Reporting for Clean Technica, Andrew Burger gives us an overview of that report, and others.
The average cost of installing residential and commercial solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the US dropped a record 17% in 2010 and it continues to drop in 2011, an additional 11% through June, according to the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab’s “Tracking the Sun IV”report.
Slowly but surely, the US market for solar PV power is growing and developing. Actually not so slowly. The US solar power market continued to grow at a record-breaking 66% pace in 2011′s first half. Domestic solar manufacturing rose 31%, while 1.1 gigawatts (GW) of utility-scale solar power is under construction, according to GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industries Association’s (SEIA) “US Solar Market Insight.”
Green jobs are growing as well. Some 93,500 Americans worked in the US solar industry in 2010, and more than half of the country’s solar companies are planning to expand hiring in 2011, according to The Solar Foundation’s “The National Solar Jobs Census.”
Government support and public-private collaboration have been key to the success. The cost of labor for installation, overhead, balance of systems and other non-module costs decreased 18% year-to-year in 2010. While module costs are driven by global supply and demand, non-module costs are “most readily impacted by state and federal policies that accelerate deployment and remove market barriers,” they write.
“The impressive cost reductions highlighted in this report did not happen by accident. It took business innovation and market-building policies at all levels of government to achieve the necessary economies of scale,” commented Adam Browning, executive director of the grassroots Vote Solar Initiative.
Additional cost reductions in solar PV costs over the near-term are likely to be realized, given that current initiatives and support are sustained, the report authors conclude.
Germany has built the world’s leading solar market and industry, both on the supply and demand side. At $6.9/Watt, average installed solar PV systems costs in the US is significantly higher than in Germany, where the average cost to install a residential or commercial solar PV system was $4.2/W. Germany’s cumulative grid-connected solar PV capacity far surpasses that in the US — 17,000MW vs. 2,100MW.
Solar is the “Fastest Growing Industry in America” and Made Record Cost Reductions in 2010
Stephen Lacey: The U.S. solar industry grew 102% last year and is on track to grow another 100% this year. What other industry doubled its growth during one of the worst economic periods in our history?The GOP has been using the Solyndra debacle to talk about “pet alternative energy.” This nonsense ignores the incredible growth and cost reductions taking place in the solar industry. Since 2008, average PV prices have fallen 80%. And with innovative approaches to installation, the total installed cost of installations have fallen substantially as well.
A recent report found that America actually had a $1.9 billion trade surplus of solar products to the rest of the world in 2010. And that same report, put together by GTM Research, found that 73% of the economic value of a solar installation stays in the U.S. Rather than let the conversation be hijacked by the pro-pollution gang, we need to use the Solyndra story to continue talking about the domestic value of solar.
A recent report released by the Lawrence Berkeley Lab again illustrates the continued progress in the American solar market.
Reporting for Clean Technica, Andrew Burger gives us an overview of that report, and others.
The average cost of installing residential and commercial solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the US dropped a record 17% in 2010 and it continues to drop in 2011, an additional 11% through June, according to the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab’s “Tracking the Sun IV”report.
Slowly but surely, the US market for solar PV power is growing and developing. Actually not so slowly. The US solar power market continued to grow at a record-breaking 66% pace in 2011′s first half. Domestic solar manufacturing rose 31%, while 1.1 gigawatts (GW) of utility-scale solar power is under construction, according to GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industries Association’s (SEIA) “US Solar Market Insight.”
Green jobs are growing as well. Some 93,500 Americans worked in the US solar industry in 2010, and more than half of the country’s solar companies are planning to expand hiring in 2011, according to The Solar Foundation’s “The National Solar Jobs Census.”
“The solar power industry is the fastest growing industry in America. We are delivering strong economic returns and good jobs at increasingly competitive prices, as this National Lab report shows. This report is further proof of what Americans from across the country already know: smart solar policy creates jobs and economic growth for communities hit hard by the recession,” said Rhone Resch, SEIA president and CEO.The drastically lower cost of solar PV modules has been a big, but not the sole, factor in spurring growth. Costs outside of modules, which make up a significant percentage of overall costs, have been dropping as well, the report authors note.
Government support and public-private collaboration have been key to the success. The cost of labor for installation, overhead, balance of systems and other non-module costs decreased 18% year-to-year in 2010. While module costs are driven by global supply and demand, non-module costs are “most readily impacted by state and federal policies that accelerate deployment and remove market barriers,” they write.
“The impressive cost reductions highlighted in this report did not happen by accident. It took business innovation and market-building policies at all levels of government to achieve the necessary economies of scale,” commented Adam Browning, executive director of the grassroots Vote Solar Initiative.
“There has never been a better time for customers or utilities to harness the sun for power. It’s time to double down on our nation’s investment in this job-creating, homegrown energy resource.”US solar power incentives are also delivering greater returns for investors, while government and industry incentives are falling, the researchers found. The average size of direct cash incentives from states and utilities, as well as dollar-per-watt value of the federal tax incentive “have both steadily decreased since their peak,” according to the Berkeley National Lab’s report.
Additional cost reductions in solar PV costs over the near-term are likely to be realized, given that current initiatives and support are sustained, the report authors conclude.
Germany has built the world’s leading solar market and industry, both on the supply and demand side. At $6.9/Watt, average installed solar PV systems costs in the US is significantly higher than in Germany, where the average cost to install a residential or commercial solar PV system was $4.2/W. Germany’s cumulative grid-connected solar PV capacity far surpasses that in the US — 17,000MW vs. 2,100MW.
no more tax forms sent to homes
no more tax forms sent to homes, a year later tax forms sent to public libraries and post offices. Now none of that and may be for some selected libraries in urban areas.
Forests saved: No more federal tax forms in the mail
http://news.consumerreports.org/money/2011/01/no-more-tax-forms-in-the-mail.html
Forests saved: No more federal tax forms in the mail
Jan 28, 2011
Don’t expect to see a tax package from the IRS in your mailbox this filing season. The agency recently announced that it will no longer mail annual tax forms, including Publication 17, its hefty instruction booklet.
The IRS cited cost considerations for its decision as well as the growth in electronic filing, which eliminates the need for a paper form. In the last tax season, only 8 percent of filers had paper tax forms sent to them by mail. The rest either filed electronically, used a tax-preparation software program (which generates the forms), or had a tax preparer handle the job.
If you want to file a paper return this year, you can get the forms you need at local IRS offices, some libraries, and post offices. Or you can download them from the IRS website now.
The IRS cited cost considerations for its decision as well as the growth in electronic filing, which eliminates the need for a paper form. In the last tax season, only 8 percent of filers had paper tax forms sent to them by mail. The rest either filed electronically, used a tax-preparation software program (which generates the forms), or had a tax preparer handle the job.
If you want to file a paper return this year, you can get the forms you need at local IRS offices, some libraries, and post offices. Or you can download them from the IRS website now.
http://news.consumerreports.org/money/2011/01/no-more-tax-forms-in-the-mail.html
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